Optogenetics is the current gold standard for high resolution neuromodulation, but application of optogenetics as a multi-site stimulation technique requires widespread opsin expressions over the cortex. Arto Nurmikko and PhD student Zeyang Yu recently published their efforts to optimize the protocol for convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of virus for optogenetic transduction of the rat cortex in the Journal of Neuroscience Methods ("Widespread functional opsin transduction in the rat cortex via convection-enhanced delivery optimized for horizontal spread").