Advanced analytical devices are increasing the sensitivity of and allowing for the detection of new biological signals. A new generation of medical device technologies are applicable to a range of clinical disciplines including global health, emergency medicine, infectious disease, surgery, cardiovascular research, pathobiology, neurology and orthopedics. These devices employ new molecular, optical, biophysical, and other tools to generate more complex and more usable detection. With concurrent advances in data science, new sensors and platforms will fundamentally alter modern health care.